Footnotes / Blog
Toenail Conditions
Thick and discolored toenails can be a cause for concern and may indicate an underlying health issue. While occasional thickening or discoloration of toenails can be harmless, persistent changes in the appearance of your nails often signal that something may be affecting the nail or nail bed. This article explores common causes of thick and discolored toenails and when it’s time to seek professional treatment.
- Fungal Infections (Onychomycosis)
Fungal infections are one of the most common causes of thick, discolored toenails. The infection can lead to nails becoming thickened, brittle, yellow, or brown. The fungus may invade the nail bed, causing it to lift from the nail, and can result in a foul odor or crumbling nail.Risk factors include:- Damp or sweaty feet
- Poor circulation
- Diabetes or a weakened immune system
- Wearing tight or non-breathable shoes
- Trauma or Injury
Repeated trauma or a sudden injury to the toenail can cause it to thicken and discolor. An impact, such as stubbing your toe, can damage the nail or nail bed, causing it to become thick, discolored, or even detached from the nail bed. - Psoriasis
Psoriasis, a chronic autoimmune condition that causes skin cells to multiply rapidly, can affect the nails, leading to thickening, pitting (small depressions), and discoloration. The toenails may become yellow, brown, or even appear chalky. - Poor Circulation
Reduced blood flow to the feet, often due to conditions such as peripheral artery disease (PAD), can cause the toenails to thicken and take on a yellowish or bluish tint. This condition may also lead to brittle nails that are prone to cracking. - Aging
As we age, toenails naturally become thicker and may develop discoloration. This is a normal part of the aging process, but changes in thickness and color should be monitored to ensure they aren’t linked to other health issues. - Nail Polish or Chemical Exposure
Frequent use of nail polish, especially without giving the nails a break in between applications, can cause nails to become discolored and thicker. Certain chemicals in nail polish removers or cleaners can also contribute to nail damage. - Vitamin or Mineral Deficiencies
Deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals, such as biotin, zinc, or iron, can affect the health of your nails. Thick, discolored toenails may be a sign of inadequate nutrition or an underlying condition like anemia.
In most cases, thick and discolored toenails can be treated with proper foot care and hygiene. However, if you experience any of the following symptoms, it’s important to see a podiatrist:
- Pain or discomfort associated with the thickened toenail
- Foul odor or pus coming from the nail or surrounding area
- Visible infection or signs of an abscess
- Nail detachment or significant changes in nail shape
- Chronic or recurring issues that do not improve with home care
Toenail Treatments
- Antifungal Treatments
If a fungal infection is causing the thickening and discoloration, antifungal creams, lacquers, or oral medications may be prescribed by a doctor to help treat the infection. Fungal infections often require several weeks or months of treatment. - Proper Nail Care
Keeping your toenails trimmed and clean can help prevent infection and further thickening. Using a gentle nail file to smooth the surface can also prevent the nails from becoming too thick. - Moisturize
Dry or cracked toenails may benefit from moisturizing creams or oils, which can improve nail health and prevent thickening. Applying a hydrating product regularly can keep the nail healthy and strong. - Addressing Underlying Conditions
If your toenail issues are related to circulation problems, psoriasis, or nutritional deficiencies, addressing the root cause is essential. This may include managing circulation issues, treating psoriasis, or taking supplements to improve your nutrition. - Nail Debridement
If your toenail has become significantly thickened or damaged, a podiatrist may recommend nail debridement, which involves carefully trimming or removing damaged nail tissue to improve the nail’s appearance and health.
At Innovative Foot and Ankle, our experienced podiatrists can help diagnose and treat thick and discolored toenails. Whether you’re dealing with a fungal infection, trauma, or an underlying health issue, we provide personalized care tailored to your needs. Our team offers effective treatments, including antifungal therapies, nail debridement, and custom care plans to restore the health of your nails.
Thick and discolored toenails can be caused by a variety of factors, ranging from fungal infections to underlying health conditions. While some changes in toenail appearance are harmless, others may require professional care to ensure proper treatment and prevent further complications. If you’re experiencing persistent toenail issues, Innovative Foot and Ankle is here to help with effective solutions tailored to your needs.
