Footnotes / Blog

What Is In-Toeing?

In-toeing, also known as being pigeon-toed, is a common condition in children where their feet turn inward while walking. This condition can affect one or both feet and may occur for several reasons, ranging from birth-related factors to developmental changes.

Infant In-Toeing: Metatarsus Adductus

Infants can be born with their feet turned inward, a condition known as metatarsus adductus. This typically occurs due to the limited space inside the womb, which causes the baby’s feet to be positioned in an inward direction.

Signs and Symptoms:

• The front portion of the infant’s foot turns inward when at rest.
• The outer side of the foot curves like a C-shape.

Most cases are mild and resolve on their own, but a pediatrician will evaluate the condition and may refer the child to a foot specialist if further treatment is necessary.

In-Toeing in Later Childhood

As children start walking, some may develop in-toeing due to the inward twisting of the shinbone (tibia), a condition known as internal tibial torsion. In some cases, the condition may be caused by inward turning of the thighbone (femur), called femoral torsion. This form of in-toeing typically appears around the second year of life.

A proper diagnosis from a podiatrist or orthopedic surgeon is essential to determine the underlying cause of the deformity.

Treatment Options for In-Toeing

Infant Treatment:

• No treatment is typically needed for infants under six months of age unless the deformity is severe.
• If in-toeing persists or is rigid after six months, your doctor may refer you to a pediatric podiatrist or foot specialist for further evaluation. Treatment could involve a series of casts applied over three to six weeks to help correct the condition before the child starts walking.

Later Childhood Treatment:

• If in-toeing leads to pain, tripping, or difficulty walking, additional treatments may include:
  • Physical therapy
  • Night braces
  • Custom orthotics to support proper foot positioning.

In more severe or persistent cases, surgical correction may be recommended.

When to Seek Help

If you’re concerned that your child has a pigeon-toed gait, it’s important to consult a podiatrist for a proper evaluation. A specialist can guide you on the best course of action to address the condition and prevent future complications.

Innovative Foot & Ankle: Pediatric Foot Care Experts

At Innovative Foot & Ankle, we specialize in treating foot and ankle conditions in children. Our team of experienced podiatrists is here to provide expert care and support for kids of all ages. We have four convenient office locations in Northern New Jersey: Essex County, Bergen County, Hudson County, and Union County.