Footnotes / Blog
What is Ankle Equinus?
Ankle Equinus is a condition where the upward motion of the ankle joint is limited, preventing the top of the foot from bending toward the front of the leg. This lack of flexibility can cause various complications and foot problems.
Why is Ankle Equinus an Issue?
When a person has equinus, the body compensates for the limited ankle motion, often leading to additional foot, leg, or back problems. Common compensatory mechanisms include:
- Flattening of the arch
- Early heel rise during walking, putting increased pressure on the ball of the foot.
Common Foot Problems Associated with Ankle Equinus:
- Plantar Fasciitis: The limited motion of the ankle causes the heel to lift prematurely during walking, creating a tugging sensation on the plantar fascia. This leads to inflammation and pain at the bottom of the heel.
- Ankle Sprains: The lack of ankle motion increases the risk of spraining the ankle. Even small shifts in body weight or uneven surfaces can lead to injury. Without treatment for equinus, patients may experience recurrent ankle sprains during recovery.
- Flat Feet: A common compensation for equinus is the lowering of the arch, causing an internal twisting of the leg with every step. This results in flat feet, which can further exacerbate pain and alignment issues.
- Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome: In some cases, the flattening of the feet due to equinus can pinch the nerve below the ankle, causing pain and discomfort. Treating equinus can help alleviate this pinching.
- Bunions & Hammertoes: The abnormal pull of tendons due to equinus can cause the toes to drift out of alignment, leading to bunions and hammertoes. Over time, this misalignment can become stiff and painful.
- Hallux Rigidus: This condition involves the degeneration of the big toe joint, which becomes painful and stiff. Equinus can push the body’s weight toward the toes, increasing pain and discomfort.
Treatment Options for Ankle Equinus:
- Stretching Regimen: The main treatment for equinus is a dedicated Achilles tendon and calf stretching program. While effective, this treatment requires commitment, as it must be performed five times per day for three months to achieve the best results. Regular maintenance stretching is also necessary to prevent recurrence of equinus symptoms.
- Night Splints: Night splints are designed to keep the Achilles tendon in a gentle, constant stretch while you rest. They have been proven in clinical trials to treat conditions like plantar fasciitis. Wearing night splints for 30-60 minutes daily can help reset muscle memory and improve flexibility.
- Surgery: In severe cases or when non-surgical treatments fail, surgical Achilles or calf lengthening may be necessary. This may also be combined with other surgical techniques during reconstructive procedures.
Conclusion
Ankle equinus can lead to a range of foot and lower leg problems, but with early diagnosis and treatment, these issues can be managed effectively. At Innovative Foot & Ankle, our experienced podiatrists are well-versed in diagnosing and treating equinus. Visit us at our offices in Little Ferry, Bayonne, Montclair, and Kenilworth, New Jersey for personalized care.