Footnotes / Blog
What Is Gangrene?
Gangrene, the necrosis or death of soft tissue due to hypoxia (lack of oxygen), is a severe complication often associated with diabetes and smoking. Unlike New York Jets football, this is a critical medical issue that demands attention. Oxygen is essential for all body tissues and is delivered by tiny blood vessels called capillaries. When these vessels are damaged or blocked, tissues die due to oxygen deprivation.
Causes of Gangrene
The leading causes of gangrene are diabetes and smoking. Elevated blood sugar levels and nicotine contribute to hardening and calcium deposits in blood vessel walls. Over time, these blockages can completely seal off blood flow. While procedures like angioplasty, stents, and bypasses can address blockages in larger vessels, “microvascular disease” in the foot has no current treatment or cure.
Progression and Symptoms
Gangrene in the foot typically begins at the tips of the toes, where the smallest blood vessels are located. Patients often experience intense pain, which may only be alleviated by hanging the affected leg off the bed to let gravity assist blood flow. At this stage, diagnostic tests are essential to determine the extent of the disease.
Diagnostic Tests for Gangrene
One common test is Non-Invasive Vascular Studies, which we perform in-office. Using a Doppler machine, we measure blood flow through the arteries of the thigh, leg, and foot. A healthy blood vessel produces a tri-phasic pulse—three distinct sounds per heartbeat. Reduced or absent sounds indicate vascular disease.
This test is often paired with an Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). Blood pressure cuffs are placed on the forearm and the lower extremities. By comparing these readings, we can calculate a ratio to further diagnose peripheral vascular disease.
Treatment Options
If tests reveal sufficient blood flow for healing, the patient may require amputation of the gangrenous tissue. The extent of amputation depends on the available blood flow. Sometimes only part of a toe is removed, while more severe cases necessitate further removal.
How Innovative Foot & Ankle Can Help
At Innovative Foot & Ankle, we specialize in diagnosing and managing vascular complications like gangrene. From advanced diagnostic tools to tailored treatment plans, we prioritize your recovery and well-being. If you’re experiencing symptoms, schedule a consultation with our expert team today.
Summary
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Learn about gangrene causes, symptoms, and treatment options. Innovative Foot & Ankle offers expert care to manage vascular complications effectively.
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gangrene, diabetes complications, smoking effects, vascular disease, microvascular disease, foot gangrene, peripheral vascular disease, Doppler test, Ankle-Brachial Index, Innovative Foot & Ankle